[317][318], With the publication of The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald had refined his prose style and plot construction, and the literati now hailed him as a master of his craft. You've read my books. Fitzgerald's younger years. F. Scott Fitzgerald 1896-1940. What he achieved was an advertising job at $90 a month. [a][3] His mother was Mary "Molly" McQuillan Fitzgerald, the daughter of an Irish immigrant who became wealthy as a wholesale grocer. [142] Soon after, Zelda overdosed on sleeping pills. [225], By that same year, Zelda's intense suicidal mania necessitated her extended confinement at the Highland Hospital in Asheville, North Carolina. Fitzgerald portrays the American Dream in the character of Jay Gatsby. F. Scott Fitzgerald. F. Scott Fitzgerald (1896-1940) was an American writer, whose books helped defined the Jazz Age. [221], Fitzgerald's deteriorating health, chronic alcoholism, and financial woes made for difficult years in Baltimore. As the author of pivotal texts such as Tender is the Night (1934) and The Great Gatsby (1925), Fitzgerald was poet laureate of the 'Jazz Age', a term he popularised to convey rapidly changing consumerist, economic and sexual attitudes . [419] Other theatrical productions of Fitzgerald's life include Frank Wildhorn's 2005 musical Waiting for the Moon,[420] and a musical produced by the Japanese Takarazuka Revue. He had never, despite the flop of his play The Vegetable in 1923, quite given up on the idea of drama. Born in 1896 in Saint Paul, Minnesota, to an upper-middle-class family, Fitzgerald was named after his famous second cousin, three times removed, Francis Scott Key, but was referred to as "Scott." When and where was F. Scott Fitzgerald born? [170] Fitzgerald decided to have sex with a prostitute to prove his heterosexuality. [190] They returned to America in September 1931. [330] Whereas he composed his novels with a conscious artistic mindset, money became his primary impetus for writing short stories. , John MALLORY, Isabeau de DAMPIERRE , John de FIENNES, Alinor de PROVENCE , Henri III d'ANGLETERRE. She was far more than merely the wife of writer F. Scott Fitzgerald, who called her "the first American flapper." In an effort to abstain from alcohol, Fitzgerald drank large amounts of Coca-Cola and ate many sweets. The pair had just one child, named Frances (or Scottie). Just as we ourselves have faced secret battles, we know others are doing the same. [369][370] As a young boy growing up in the eastern Midwest, he perpetually strained "to meet the standard of the rich people of St. Paul and Chicago among whom he had to grow up without ever having the money to compete with them". The grave of F. Scott Fitzgerald and Zelda Fitzgerald in St. Mary's Catholic Cemetery in Rockville, Maryland. Though they loved these roles, they were frightened by them, too, as the ending of Fitzgeralds second novel, The Beautiful and Damned (1922), shows. Still aspiring to a lucrative career in literature, he wrote several short stories and satires in his spare time. [187] Following this homicidal incident, doctors diagnosed Zelda with schizophrenia in June 1930. [223] From 1933 to 1937, he was hospitalized for alcoholism eight times. It has been the greatest credo in my life that I would rather be an artist than a careerist. Fitzgerald was raised in St. Paul, Minnesota. 24. Later he became conscious of his damaged wings and of their construction and he learned to think and could not fly any more because the love of flight was gone and he could only remember when it had been effortless. The Great Gatsby, a highly acclaim American novel by F. Scott Fitzgerald, entails the demise of the American dream by means of drawing a parallel between Jay Gatsby, a character whom covers his inner qualities with the idealistic characteristics of the rich during the Roaring Twenties in order to obtain the affection go the beloved and deeply flawed Daisy. F. Scott Fitzgerald was a 20th-century American short-story writer and novelist. They think, deep in their hearts, that they are better than we are. F. Born on September 24, 1896, in Saint Paul, Minnesota, to a middle-class Catholic family, Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald was named after his distant cousin, Francis Scott Key, who wrote in 1814 the lyrics for the American national anthem "The Star-Spangled Banner". and the family moved back to St. Paul in 1908 to live off of his mother's . "[212], With his popularity decreased, Fitzgerald began to suffer financially and, by 1936, his book royalties amounted to $80. [220] In the 1930s, as his health deteriorated, Fitzgerald had told Hemingway of his fear of dying from congested lungs. In July 1918, while he was stationed near Montgomery, Alabama, he met Zelda Sayre, the daughter of an Alabama Supreme Court judge. This fame opened to him magazines of literary prestige, such as Scribners, and high-paying popular ones, such as The Saturday Evening Post. [304] He argued that "the thing that chiefly interests the basic Fitzgerald is still the florid show of modern American lifeand especially the devil's dance and that goes on at the top. Fitzgerald worked on his fourth novel, Tender Is the Night (1934), sporadically for almost ten years after . He is best known for his novels depicting the flamboyance and excess of the Jazz Agea term he popularized in his short story collection Tales of the Jazz Age. I thought all I needed anywhere in the world to make a living was a pencil and paper. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. They are different from you and me. His third novel, The Great Gatsby (1925), received generally favorable reviews but was a commercial failure, selling fewer than 23,000 copies in its first year. [202], Fitzgerald's own novel debuted in April 1934 as Tender Is the Night and received mixed reviews. Throughout the novel, readers can see evidence of the "roaring twenties.". Paul. [280] According to Professor John Kuehl of New York University: "If you want to know about Spain, you read Hemingway's The Sun Also Rises. 1. The novel became a cultural sensation and cemented his reputation as one of the eminent writers of the decade. [94], In Winter 1921, his wife became pregnant as Fitzgerald worked on his second novel, The Beautiful and Damned, and the couple traveled to his home in St. Paul, Minnesota, to have the child. [50] Dispatched back to the base near Montgomery to await discharge, he renewed his pursuit of Zelda. [m][263] Among the attendees were his only child, Scottie, his agent Harold Ober, and his lifelong editor Maxwell Perkins. [218] Fitzgerald scholar Matthew J. Bruccoli contends Fitzgerald did in fact have recurring TB. Considered to be . [259], On learning of her father's death, Scottie telephoned Graham from Vassar and asked she not attend the funeral for social propriety. [175] At one party they outraged guests Ronald Colman and Constance Talmadge by a prank: They requested their watches and, retreating into the kitchen, boiled the expensive timepieces in a pot of tomato sauce. of 'Gatsby' Era", "The Great Gatsby Line That Came From Fitzgerald's Lifeand Inspired a Novel", "The Downside of Paradise: Fitzgerald's Final Days", "The Great Gatsby's Creative Destruction", "As Big as the Ritz: The Mythology of the Fitzgeralds", "How 'Gatsby' Went From A Moldering Flop To A Great American Novel", "Scott and Zelda: Fractious in life, but together in death in a Rockville cemetery plot", "Slow Fade: F. Scott Fitzgerald in Hollywood", "An Affair of Youth: In Search of Flappers, Belles, and the First Grave of the Fitzgeralds", "F. Scott Fitzgerald's life was a study in destructive alcoholism", "Fitzgerald as Screenwriter: No Hollywood Ending", "Foreword for the interview with F. Scott Fitzgerald by Michel Mok", "Jersey Footlights: The Dark Side of Paradise", "Exploring the architecture and history of St. Paul's Summit Hill", "76 Years Later, Lost F. Scott Fitzgerald Story Sees The Light Of Day", "It's the Age of a Child Who Grows From a Man", "Review: 'Genius' Puts Max Perkins and Thomas Wolfe in a Literary Bromance", "Love Notes Drenched In Moonlight: Hints of Future Novels In Letters to Fitzgerald", "Calls to change U. of Alabama building name to honor Harper Lee instead of KKK leader", "Fans pay tribute to F Scott Fitzgerald in worldwide Facebook gathering", "F. Scott Fitzgerald and the American Dream", "Z: The Beginning of Everything review Come on Zelda, Scott, where's the passion? The Peacock Inn, Princeton, New Jersey. Born Francis Scott Key FITZGERALD. [18] While at Princeton, Fitzgerald shared a room and became long time friends with John Biggs Jr, who later helped the author find a home in Delaware. [138] For source material, Fitzgerald drew heavily on his experiences on Long Island and once again on his lifelong obsession with his first love Ginevra King. According to Graham, Fitzgerald "had begun drinking, as a young man, because in those days everyone drank. The Fitzgeralds' troubled family life has inspired numerous biographies, novels, movies, and TV series. The pair had just one child, named Frances (or "Scottie"). All of his divided nature is in this novel, the naive Midwesterner afire with the possibilities of the American Dream in its hero, Jay Gatsby, and the compassionate Yale gentleman in its narrator, Nick Carraway. [9] His parents sent him to two Catholic schools on Buffalo's West Sidefirst Holy Angels Convent (19031904) and then Nardin Academy (19051908). F. [22][23] The couple began a romantic relationship spanning several years. [266] When Zelda died in a fire at the Highland Hospital in 1948, she was buried next to him in Rockville Cemetery. In the spring of 1920 it was published, he married Zelda, and. [41] At a country club, Fitzgerald met Zelda Sayre, a 17-year-old Southern belle and the affluent granddaughter of a Confederate senator whose extended family owned the White House of the Confederacy. [119] The bored audience walked out during the second act. Ernest Hemingway on Fitzgerald's loss of talent in A Moveable Feast (1964)[208], Amid the Great Depression, Fitzgerald's works were deemed elitist and materialistic. [287], More so than most contemporary writers of his era, F. Scott Fitzgerald's authorial voice evolved and matured over time,[288] and his each successive novel represented a discernible progression in literary quality. 00:12. "[290] they nonetheless contended that his fiction lacked engagement with the salient socio-political issues of his time,[383] and he lacked a conscious awareness of how to use his considerable talent as an author. [142] Fitzgerald sought to confront Jozan and locked Zelda in their house until he could do so. Today, Key is known for penning "The Star-Spangled Banner.". "But that was a one-time thing," she says. "[410], Fitzgerald's stories and novels have been adapted into a variety of media formats. In October 1939 he began a novel about Hollywood, The Last Tycoon. [321] By eliminating the earlier defects in his writing, he had upgraded from "a brilliant improvisateur" to "a conscientious and painstaking artist. They possess and enjoy early, and it does something to them, makes them soft where we are hard, and cynical where we are trustful, in a way that, unless you were born rich, it is very difficult to understand. [396] Fowler asked that certain passages be excised prior to publication. [403] Fitzgerald frequently re-read Ginevra's story, and scholars have noted the plot similarities between Ginevra's story and Fitzgerald's novel. Oftentimes the family trees listed as still in progress have derived from research into famous people who have a kinship to this person. [286] In 1994, the World Theater in St. Paulhome of the radio broadcast of A Prairie Home Companionwas renamed the Fitzgerald Theater. [175] Fitzgerald later rewrote Rosemary Hoytone of the central characters in Tender is the Nightto mirror Moran. [238] After having a heart-attack at Schwab's Pharmacy, Fitzgerald was advised by his doctor to avoid strenuous exertion. "It's a funny thing about coming home. [385] Wilson argued that Fitzgerald's early works such as This Side of Paradise suffer from the defects of being meaningless and lacking intellectual substance. [242] On occasions that Fitzgerald failed his attempt at sobriety,[k] he would ask strangers, "I'm F. Scott Fitzgerald. [69] While Prohibition-era New York City was experiencing the burgeoning Jazz Age, Fitzgerald felt defeated and rudderless: two women had rejected him in succession; he detested his advertising job; his stories failed to sell; he could not afford new clothes, and his future seemed bleak. American author of novels and short stories. [28] Her return home ended Fitzgerald's weekly courtship. [127] While the couple were living on Long Island, one of Fitzgerald's wealthier neighbors was Max Gerlach. [307][308] Whereas This Side of Paradise had featured workmanlike prose and chaotic organization, The Beautiful and Damned displayed the superior form and construction of an awakened literary consciousness. Fitzgerald was also named after his deceased sister, Louise Scott Fitzgerald, one of two sisters who died shortly before his birth. Fitzgerald uses vivid imagery and metaphors to provide a visual picture of his characters and settings and incorporate deeper meaning beyond . Updated on August 02, 2019. [94] Publicly, their alcohol intake meant little more than napping at parties, but privately it led to bitter quarrels. This sudden prosperity made it possible for him and Zelda to play the roles they were so beautifully equipped for, and Ring Lardner called them the prince and princess of their generation. [63][64] Although he received a small raise for creating a catchy slogan, "We keep you clean in Muscatine", for an Iowa laundry,[65] Fitzgerald subsisted in relative poverty. Then he lost Ginevra and flunked out of Princeton. He collapsed and died from a heart attack at the young age of 44. It sold well enough to warrant additional print runs reaching 50,000 copies. His debut novel, The Fitzgeralds' French identity card photos, 1929. [78] Critics such as H. L. Mencken hailed the work as the best American novel of the year,[79] and newspaper columnists described the work as the first realistic American college novel. [246][247], During this last phase of his career, Fitzgerald's screenwriting tasks included revisions on Madame Curie (1943) and an unused dialogue polish for Gone with the Wind (1939)a book which Fitzgerald disparaged as unoriginal and an "old wives' tale". [178] The starlet became a muse for the author, and he wrote her into a short story called "Magnetism", in which a young Hollywood film starlet causes a married writer to waver in his sexual devotion to his wife. Everyone wanted to meet him. [150] Upon its release on April10, 1925, Willa Cather, T. S. Eliot, and Edith Wharton praised Fitzgerald's work,[151] and the novel received generally favorable reviews from contemporary literary critics. [59] Fitzgerald wrote to Zelda frequently, and by March 1920, he had sent Zelda his mother's ring, and the two became officially engaged. [196] Piqued by what he saw as theft of his novel's plot material, Fitzgerald would later describe Zelda as a plagiarist and a third-rate writer. After a long struggle with alcoholism, he attained sobriety only to die of a heart attack in 1940, at 44. "Nobody was interested in politics," Fitzgerald declared of this particular generation,[392] and, as "it was characteristic of the Jazz Age that it had no interest in politics at all",[393] Fitzgerald's fiction reflected the contemporary zeitgeist's perfunctory cynicism and aversion to political crusades in the wake of Prohibition. [48], Fitzgerald's Montgomery sojourn was interrupted briefly in November 1918 when he was transferred northward to Camp Mills, Long Island. Fitzgerald was accompanied by Dunc . [352], As Fitzgerald's writings made him "the outstanding aggressor in the little warfare" between "the flaming youth against the old guard,"[353] a number of social conservatives later rejoiced when he died. Scott Fitzgerald, This Side of Paradise (1920)[339], For much of his literary career, cultural commentators hailed Fitzgerald as the foremost chronicler of the Jazz Age generation whose lives were defined by the societal transition towards modernity. The family tree for F. Scott Fitzgerald is still in progress. [238][422] Fitzgerald and his wife Zelda have appeared as characters in the films Midnight in Paris (2011) and Genius (2016). [378] Much like Fitzgerald,[379] Gatsby's ancestry precludes him from the coveted status of Old Stock Americans. The world's most glamorous have flocked to Hotel du Cap since Scott's day: his friends Gerald and Sara Murphy, the models for Dick and Nicole Diver, once rented the hotel for an entire summer,. Scott Fitzgerald, "The Rich Boy" (1926)[356], A recurrent theme in F. Scott Fitzgerald's fiction is the psychic and moral gulf between the average American and wealthy elites. "[359] He "sensed a corruption in the rich and mistrusted their might. While stationed in Alabama, he met Zelda Sayre, a Southern debutante who belonged to Montgomery's exclusive country-club set. By 1937, however, he had come back far enough to become a scriptwriter in Hollywood, and there he met and fell in love with Sheilah Graham, a famous Hollywood gossip columnist. F. Scott Fitzgerald's Writing Style in The Great Gatsby. For many . F. Scott Fitzgerald and Ernest Hemingway first met in a caf. [123], Despite enjoying the Long Island milieu, Fitzgerald disapproved of the extravagant parties,[124] and the wealthy people he encountered often disappointed him. We see. They were impetuous, they were known to drink too much, and they were prone to bouts of serious depression and self-destructive behavior, but no one could ever accuse them of frugality. 5 Life Lessons From F. Scott Fitzgerald March 26, 2019 marks the 99th anniversary of the world first becoming acquainted with one of the most unmistakable figures of the Jazz age. Hemingway on Fitzgerald. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. [60] Several of Fitzgerald's friends opposed the match, as they deemed Zelda ill-suited for him. [213] The cost of his opulent lifestyle and Zelda's medical bills quickly caught up, placing him in constant debt. ELALF40SH. [304], When composing The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald chose to depart from the writing process of his previous novels and to fashion a conscious artistic achievement. Although he achieved temporary popular success and fortune in the 1920s, Fitzgerald received critical acclaim only after his death and is now widely regarded as one of the greatest American writers of the 20th century. His wife Zelda lived across the valley at Highland Hospital, a psychiatric facility. [349] They decried his use of modern "alien slang" and claimed his depiction of young people engaged in drunken sprees and premarital sex to be wholly fabricated. Fitzgerald is the quintessential American writer. [249] His failure in Hollywood pushed him to return to drinking, and he drank nearly 40 beers a day in 1939. [193] A year later, when Mencken met Zelda for the last time, he described her mental illness as immediately evident to any onlooker and her mind as "only half sane. [133] These details would inspire Fitzgerald in creating his next work, The Great Gatsby. The grandchildren of proud Irish immigrants, Joseph Patrick Kennedy and Rose Elizabeth Fitzgerald were the patriarch and matriarch of the large, influential American Kennedy clan.The parents of nine childrenincluding our 35th President, John F. Kennedy, and two U.S. [185] That winter, Zelda's behavior grew increasingly erratic and violent. [304] His works skewered those "who take all of the privileges of the European ruling class and assume none of its responsibilities". [149] Fitzgerald declined a $10,000 offer for the serial rights, as it would delay the book's publication. "[323], Nine years after the publication of The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald completed his fourth novel Tender Is the Night in 1934. [152] Despite this reception, Gatsby became a commercial failure compared to his previous efforts, This Side of Paradise (1920) and The Beautiful and Damned (1922). Despite its lackluster debut, The Great Gatsby is now hailed by some literary critics as the "Great American Novel". [364] His novel, The Great Gatsby, underscores the limits of the American lower class to transcend their station of birth. . - F. Scott Fitzgerald. His second novel The Beautiful and Damned was filmed in 1922 and 2010. [326] After reading Gatsby, Gertrude Stein declared that Fitzgerald would "be read when many of his well-known contemporaries are forgotten. "[337] Echoing Hemingway's critique that Fitzgerald ruined his short stories by rewriting them to appease magazine readers,[167] Rosenfeld noted that Fitzgerald debased his gift as a storyteller by transforming his tales into social romances with inevitably happy endings. [75], While revising his novel, Fitzgerald took a job repairing car roofs at the Northern Pacific Shops in St. [423] Other depictions of Fitzgerald include the TV movies Zelda (1993), F. Scott Fitzgerald in Hollywood (1976), The Last of the Belles (1974), and the TV series Z: The Beginning of Everything (2015).[424]. [111] On October 26, 1921, Zelda gave birth to their daughter and only child Frances Scott "Scottie" Fitzgerald. [404] As early as 1922, critic John V. A. Weaver noted that Fitzgerald's literary influence was already "so great that it cannot be estimated. [74] He decided to make one last attempt to become a novelist and to stake everything on the success or failure of a book. He was married . His private life, with his wife, Zelda, in both America and France, became almost as celebrated as his novels. Some of Fitzgeralds finest short stories appeared in All the Sad Young Men (1926), particularly The Rich Boy and Absolution, but it was not until eight years later that another novel appeared. For the rest of his lifeexcept for occasional drunken spells when he became bitter and violentFitzgerald lived quietly with her. [418], Beyond adaptations of his works, Fitzgerald himself has been portrayed in dozens of books, plays, and films. [145] Jozan later dismissed the entire incident and claimed no infidelity or romance had occurred: "They both had a need of drama, they made it up and perhaps they were the victims of their own unsettled and a little unhealthy imagination. [396], Perhaps the most striking example of this tendency lies at the core of The Great Gatsby. During this period, he became friends with writer Gertrude Stein, bookseller Sylvia Beach, novelist James Joyce, poet Ezra Pound and other members of the American expatriate community in Paris,[158] some of whom would later be identified with the Lost Generation. Owing to a failed romantic relationship with Chicago socialite Ginevra King, he dropped out in 1917 to join the United States Army during World War I. He relied on loans from his agent, Harold Ober, and publisher Perkins. [314] To this end, he consciously emulated the literary styles of Joseph Conrad and Willa Cather. He might have interpreted them, and even guided them, as in their middle years they saw a different and nobler freedom threatened with destruction. [301] They highlighted the fact that the work had "almost every fault and deficiency that a novel can possibly have,"[302] and a consensus soon emerged that Fitzgerald's prosemanship left much to be desired. Scribner's later reissued the book under Fitzgerald's preferred title, Adaptations and portrayals of F. Scott Fitzgerald, "Jay Gatsby, Failed Intellectual: F. Scott Fitzgerald's Trope for Social Stratification", "F. Scott Fitzgerald, Lois Moran, and the Mystery of Mariposa Street", "Fitzgerald and Leacock Write Two Funny Books", "New Fitzgerald Book Proves He's Really a Writer", "Review of 'Redefining the American Dream: The Novels of Willa Cather', "The Younger Generation: Its Young Novelists", "The Real Jay Gatsby: Max von Gerlach, F. Scott Fitzgerald, and the Compositional History of 'The Great Gatsby', "Short Stories From the Maturing Pen of Scott Fitzgerald", "Exile and the City: F. Scott Fitzgerald's 'The Lost Decade', "Fitzgerald, the Stylist, Challenges Fitzgerald, the Social Historian", "The Passing of Jay Gatsby: Class and Anti-Semitism in Fitzgerald's 1920s America", "Fitzgerald and Cather: The Great Gatsby", "The Structure Of The Outsider In The Short Fiction Of Richard Wright And F. Scott Fitzgerald", "Willa Cather's 'A Lost Lady': The Paradoxes of Change", "Mastering the Story Market: F. Scott Fitzgerald's Revision of 'The Night before Chancellorsville', "Scott Fitzgerald's Latest Novel is Heralded As His Best", "Almost a Masterpiece: Scott Fitzgerald Produces a Brilliant Successor to 'The Great Gatsby', "Why 'The Great Gatsby' is the Great American Novel", "Theatre: Study of 'The Disenchanted'; Writer on Downgrade Shown at Coronet", "Decoding Woody Allen's 'Midnight in Paris', "Garrison Keillor Hospitalized for Minor Stroke", "Takarazuka: Japan's Newest 'Traditional' Theater Turns 100", "F. Scott Fitzgerald Thought This Book Would Be the Best American Novel of His Time", "Tracing F. Scott Fitzgerald's Minnesota Roots", "Scott Fitzgerald and L.I. On September 24, 1896, Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald was born into an Irish Catholic family in St. Paul, Minnesota. As a Princeton undergraduate, Fitzgerald talked books with friends over meals at the Peacock Inn, a 16-room boutique hotel and restaurant a stone's throw . [363], Following Fitzgerald's death, scholars focused on how Fitzgerald's fiction dissects the entrenched class disparities in American society. [104] At the peak of his commercial success and cultural salience, Fitzgerald recalled traveling in a taxi one afternoon in New York City and weeping when he realized that he would never be as happy again. [224] The article damaged Fitzgerald's reputation and prompted him to attempt suicide after reading it. He wrote primarily during the 1920s, and he has brought the Jazz Age of that decade to life for an. His friend H. 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