david blitzer net worth

David Blitzer is a very rich man who has a net worth of $1.3 billion. The Premier League currently has 12 billionaire club owners including The Glazer Family, Roman Abramovich, and Stan Kroenke. Blitzer recently told Bloomberg that he expects continued large investments from equity firms in the sports business. With an net worth of 11.4million, Coe falls just a . Johnson is the most recognizable name of the Commanders new ownership group. The foundation "promotes youth development through education, athletics, and health," according to its website. David Blitzer is a well-known private equity investor which he makes his career. Their next big acquisition would be Crystal Palace, where HBSE would partner with Steve Parish to take a controlling interest in the club. He is a co-managing partner and minority owner of the New Jersey Devils of the National Hockey League, Philadelphia 76ers of the National Basketball Association, Crystal Palace F.C. Although the NBA and MLB allow big private investment firms (such as the ones Harris ran and Blitzer runs) to buy teams directly, only individuals can buy an NFL team. According to various sources, David Blitzer has a net worth of approximately $1.3 billion. 3 Lessons I Learned from Speaking at a Berkshire Hathaway Event, McDonald's Hamburglar Comes Out of Hiding to Promote Big Burger Changes, Report: In-Office Workers Spend More Time On This Important Job Feature Than Remote Workers. Josh Harris, a part-owner of the NBAs Philadelphia 76ers and the NHLs Jersey Devils, according to people familiar with the deal, Johnsons reported net worth is about $620 million, compelling Dan Snyder to sell the Commanders, allegations of sexual harassment and financial impropriety, NFL ended remaining cross ownership restrictions in 2018, Blitzer last year bought Real Salt Lake Major League Soccer, plans to build a new arena in Philadelphia, California residents do not sell my data request. Does Turkey Have A Problem With The U.S. Navy? He is a co-managing partner and minority owner of several sports teams. After buying Washingtons NFL franchise in 1999, Daniel Snyder is finally selling the team. Blitzer is Jewish. The NFL does allow splintered ownership by heirs, who sometimes sell to smaller owners. The New York Post reported at the time that Blitzer had a net worth of $1.3 billion and Forbes reported at the time that Harris had a net worth of $5 billion. Offers may be subject to change without notice. [20][22] His net worth was estimated by Forbes to be $1.9 billion in April 2023. David Blitzer is a rich equity investor with a massive Net Worth of $1.3 billion. Major League Baseball has approved the sale of a partial stake in the Cleveland Guardians team to billionaire David Blitzer, according to Sportico. The plan is for Blitzer to own a 25 to 35 percent stake in the franchise before becoming the majority shareholder in due course. Johnson also fronted a group that purchased the WNBA's Los Angeles Sparks team in 2014. Personal life. Harris reportedly is worth about $6 billion. The holding company he co-founded with Harris, Harris Blitzer Sports & Entertainment (HBSE), has a large number of professional sports teams in its portfolio. One part remains as a construction company while the other, known as OCI, became one of the planet's leading producers of nitrogen fertilizers. Along with the team transaction came the operating interest in the Prudential Center and other related assets. The other key figure in Harris sports ownership is David Blitzer, who also graduated from Wharton and works in private equity. 23. Blitzer is a member of the investment group that won a $280 million bid for the purchase of the Philadelphia 76ers. The other members of the investment group are: Joshua Harris of the private equity firm Apollo Global Management, portfolio manager Art Wrubel, and former NBA agent and Sacramento Kings executive Jason Levien, all fellow Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania graduates,as well as former Vail Resorts CEO Adam Aron, Martin J. Geller, David B. Heller, Travis Hennings, James Lassiter, Marc Leder, Michael Rubin, Will Smith & Jada Pinkett Smith, and Indonesian businessmen Handy Soetedjo & Erick Thohir.Comcast-Spectacor and Harris began talks in the summer of 2011. Access your favorite topics in a personalized feed while you're on the go. By August of 2019,. David Blitzer Private equity investor Net worth: $1.3 billion David Blitzer co-founded Harris Blitzer Sports & Entertainment (HSBE) with fellow billionaire investor Josh Harris. Of note: Each of Johnson's biggest sports teams have won a title under his ownership: The Sparks won the WNBA championship in 2016, the Dodgers won the World Series in 2020 and Los Angeles FC won the MLS Cup in 2022. of the Premier League. This will make Blitzer, 52, the first person to hold equity in all five major U.S. sports leagues Major League Baseball (MLB), the National Basketball Association (NBA), the National Football League (NFL), the National Hockey League (NHL), and Major League Soccer (MLS). By August of 2019, the value of the team had increased to $1.7 billion. Source of wealth:Cleveland Guardians, Crystal Palace, New Jersey Devils,Philadelphia 76ers, Pittsburgh [+], The World's 15 Youngest Billionaires 2023, The Top 10 Richest Women In The World 2023, Billionaires 2023: The Top 10 Richest People In The World, Forbes America's Top Colleges List 2022: Top 25 Highest Earnings, The Worlds 10 Highest-Paid Athletes 2022, Forbes America's Top Colleges List: Top 25 Success Factories. Immediately after graduating, Blitzer began his career at the Blackstone Group, an investment management firm. David is a private equity investor by profession. Blitzer acquired his wealth as a private equity investor via his investments in various sport franchises. Blitzer and Harris tried to buy the New York Mets in 2000, with the New York Post reporting at the time that Blitzer had a net worth of $1.3 billion. The Sixers have experienced plenty of turmoil under Harris, including failed draft picks, uneven trades and poor free-agent signings. [+] 11 of 13 Dave. In January 2022, Blitzer would structure a similar agreement with Ryan Smith's Smith Entertainment Group (SEG) to take a controlling interest in the MLS franchise Real Salt Lake. Market Realist is a registered trademark. Try a week on us. So, how much is David S. Blitzer worth at the age of 53 years old? David Blitzer is the first person to arrive on the site. He was born on 10 June 1989 in Pietermaritzburg, Natal, South Africa. The potential for eventual majority ownership might be built into the deal. As per sources David Blitzerreported tobuy the Cleveland Guardian. Record signing: Gylfi Sigurdsson $53.8 million (Swansea City, 2017). Harris, 58, has an estimated net worth of $7.6 billion, according to the Bloomberg Billionaires Index. Blitzer and Harris tried to buy the New York Mets in 2000, with the New York Post reporting at the time that Blitzer had a net worth of $1.3 billion. Investing in equities has helped me grow my wealth over time. David S. Blitzer Net Worth. The New York Post reported at the time that Blitzer had a net worth of $1.3 billion and Forbes reported at the time that Harris had a net worth of $5 billion. He has witnessed trade demands, holdouts and players forgetting how to shoot a basketball. In-office workers surveyed spent 40 minutes more weekly (on average) mentoring others than remote employees. Other NFL owners also own other sports teams. Become Fluent in 14 Languages With a Subscription to Babbel, Now Just $149.97 for a Limited Time, Rapper Post Malone Just Opened a Pink and Tattooed Raising Cane's Location Decorated With 'Old Stinky Outfits'. According to Sportico, the group moving forward with the Commanders purchase is headlined by Josh Harris, a billionaire investor who already is co-owner in for the NBA's Philadelphia 76ers and NHL's New Jersey Devils franchises. Henry held shares in Orlando Magic, Miami Heat, and the New York Yankees amongst others, before taking over Liverpool in October 2010. Please only use it for a guidance and David M. Blitzer's actual income may vary a lot from the dollar amount shown above. According to Forbes, Harris is worth about $6 billion; Blitzer more than $1 billion; and the Rales brothers investments and other assets about $12 billion. The successor to the Dolan family, the longest-tenured owners in Cleveland's franchise history, is officially in place. His mother was a homemaker whereas his father was . As a consequence of his stock market investments, he will be worth $1.3 billion by the year 2022. He also bought a 5 percent stake in the Steelers in 2020. Smith, along with New Jersey Devils and Philadelphia 76ers owner David Blitzer, were announced as the new majority owners of Major League Soccer club Real Salt Lake in January 2022. [6][7] In August 2013, Blitzer and Harris purchased the New Jersey Devils of the National Hockey League (NHL), which included the Prudential Center in Newark, New Jersey, for over $320 million. He had to replace a general manager because of a scandal involving burner Twitter accounts. Blitzer, 52, was born in New J By clicking Sign up, you agree to receive marketing emails from Insider He also has numerous ties to the sports world as co-owner of both the NBA's Philadelphia 76ers and NHL's New Jersey Devils. David is a private equity investor by profession. in 2022 but ultimately lost out to a group led by Todd Boehly. . Having met the managing partners, Josh and David, it is pretty clear that they are committed to doing this and doing it a certain way, Dellow told The Athletic when he was hired in April 2019. Millions of dollars. The two founded Harris Blitzer Sports & Entertainment in 2017 to consolidate their sports ventures, which owns the following sports teams, as well as event ticketing firms and baseball-themed resorts and brands: Harris previously expressed interest in buying the Broncos in 2022 before the franchise was sold to a group led by Walmart heir Rob Walton for a then-record $4.65 billion. The way Harris describes it, he wants a general manager to explain the rationale for making specific moves. David Scott Blitzer (born September 7, 1969) is an American private equity investor. Blitzer, who has a stake in the Philadelphia 76ers, New Jersey Devils, Pittsburgh Steelers, Real Saltlake, and now the Cleveland Guardians, is also Senior Managing Director & Head of Tactical Opportunities at Blackstone, an investment management company. Blitzer, 52, and Harris previously attempted to land an MLB franchise when the New York Mets were for sale in 2020. In 2021, Harris announced he was stepping down from his day-to-day role at the company to focus on other ventures, including sports ownership. and other top brands or companies. Managing Director Tactical Opportunities - New York View full list David Blitzer is the Global Head of Blackstone's Tactical Opportunities group (Tac Opps), and a member of the firm's Management Committee. Sources close to the situation tell The Post that Harris and Blitzer have been. How they made their fortune: Sheikh Mansour is a member of the royal family of Abu Dhabi, and he's also the deputy prime minster of the United Arab Emirates. People familiar with the Sixers ownership group says Harris and Blitzers ownership of the Commanders wont change the teams plans to build a new arena in Philadelphia or its other initiatives. Record signing:Raul Jimenez $41.2 million (Benfica, 2019). Davids Bridal Files For Chapter 11 Bankruptcy, David Warners Struggles In The IPL Add Pressure On His Uncertain Test Cricket Career, David Crosby Died While Battling Covid-19, Per Graham Nash, The Top 10 Richest Women In The World 2023, The World's 15 Youngest Billionaires 2023, Billionaires 2023: The Top 10 Richest People In The World, Highly Unusual Deal Allows David Blitzer To Buy 35% Of Cleveland Guardians, Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information, Limit the Use of My Sensitive Personal Information. 2023 Forbes Media LLC. Katharina Liebherr and Gao Jisheng of Southampton FC have been excluded from the list because Liebherr sold 80% of her shares in the club to Jisheng in 2017, and the Chinese businessman's net worth is currently unclear having just lost control of his real-estate company, Lander Sports, according to the Financial Times. What does David Blitzer do with his money? One exception: The Green Bay Packers are owned by 537,000 individual shareholders under an old arrangement. Record signing:Kevin De Bruyne $82.7 million (VfL Wolfsburg, 2015). If David invests 35%, he will probably make a lot of money. A Forbes report says that the team has a value of $1.16 billion. An agreement has been finalized for David Blitzer to join the Guardians . Entrepreneur and its related marks are registered trademarks of Entrepreneur Media Inc. With the recent purchase of the Cleveland Guardians, Blitzer becomes the first person to hold equity in five major U.S. sports leagues. Gerrit Cole net worth: How much is the salary of the New York Yankees pitcher? Around the same time, the Devils were investing in several other off-ice departments, even though the team was in the middle of a rebuild. [24][25][26], Blitzer founded the Blitzer Family Foundation in 2014, which promotes youth development through education, athletics, and health. Copyright 2023 Market Realist. What Is Franchisor Financing? This article contains information from the Associated Press. Assets of David Blitzer Home: David Blitzer is a billionaire American. In 1999, the current owners family brought in $323 million. David Blitzer is an equity investor and part owner of the Philadelphia 76ers. The transaction was reportedly for over $320 million.In 2017, Blitzer and Harris formed Harris Blitzer Sports & Entertainment (HBSE) which will hold all their sports investments; Harris will serve as Owner/Chairman and Blitzer as Owner/Vice-Chairman.As of August 2019, the value of the Devils has increased to $455 million. [17] He purchased a 25 percent stake of the MLB's Cleveland Guardians later that year, with an option to purchase majority ownership after six years. [23], In 2010, Blitzer's father-in-law, Stuart Ross, who once owned the North American rights to the Smurfs franchise, was convicted of trying to extort $5.5million from Blitzer in return for having no more contact with Blitzer's family and another $5.5million from Blitzer for having no more contact with Blitzer and Blackstone. David Blitzer Family David S. Blitzer is a co-managing partner and minority owner of the New Jersey Devils has an Net Worth of $1.3 billion know all about him as like his Family, Parents, Wife, Children and Salary. He also won five NBA championships and was three times named NBA Finals MVP. Alongside his business partner - through their corporation HBSE - they were successful with a $280m bid for the 76ers back in 2011. Net worth score. David Blitzer is the franchise owner of professional sports teams including the Philadelphia 76ers. Besides approving seismic trades and free-agent signings and allowing the team to spend to the salary cap, the Devils managing partners have always earned high marks for approving staff improvements and investing in other off-ice areas, certainly since I started covering the team in March 2018. 44. The Guardians are worth $1.375 billion, according to Sportico, which ranks 21st out of 30 MLB teams. Blitzer said at the time of the Devils purchase, "We will be committed stewards of this great franchise and arena as we work closely with city and state leadership to ensure the Devils, their fans and the Newark and greater New Jersey community all share in the future success of their favorite team.. West Ham United has an estimated net worth of around $616 million. He said, People have realized at their core that these are amazing businesses in terms of the creation content and the ultimate value of media rights. Blitzer explained that investment firms are interested in sports teams for the value of their media rights and content related to televised competitions. Here's how he ranks among the other richest NFL owners: Jacob Camenker contributed to this report. 14.65% of the shares in Arsenal, before Moshiri sold his part to help fund his takeover of Everton. We have estimated David S. Blitzer's net worth , money, salary, income, and assets. The deal was announced on July 13, 2011.The NBA formally approved the deal on October 13.As of August 2019, the value of the Sixers has increased to $1.7 billion. It is estimated that Blitzer is worth upwards of $1.3 billion, according to Market Realist. Unidad Editorial Informacin Deportiva, S.L.U. (Photo: Cindy Ord / Getty Images). He does not have ownership of any MLB team. In his profession, David Blitzer has amassed a sizable wealth. What Is David Blitzer's Net Worth? David Blitzer is a rich equity investor with amassive Net Worth of $1.3 billion. Forbes estimates Harris' net worth to be $6 billion as of April 2023. It best known for its former League of Legends and Counter-Strike: Global Offensive squads. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. There were some tempting times, but you have to know when the right time is, and you have to have support from ownership, Fitzgerald told The Athletic after the Meier trade. Hofmann. Hofmann, Stadium plans? So much of the joy of the journey comes from embracing the "unplanned.". The Dan Snyder era in Washington is reportedly nearing its end. In baseball, Harris unsuccessfully bid for the New York Mets in 2020. The best way to describe Harris is that hes typically involved but not making personnel moves. Prospective investors who agree to buy an NFL team need the support of three-quarters (24 of 32) of NFL team owners. Harris is thought to be worth $5.1 billion, while Blitzer's wealth is in the neighborhood of $1.3 billion. Record signing: Virgil van Dijk $92.2 million (Southampton, 2017). In 2013, he and Blitzer led another group purchase of the Devils for . In 2022, he unsuccessfully bid on the Denver Broncos and lost to a group led by Rob Walton. Blitzer's offer to buy a 35 percent stake in the Guardians was recently approved, with the franchise currently valued at $1 billion. Julia Wilkinson He owns a piece of the English Premier Leagues Crystal Palace F.C. David Blitzer is the Co-Owner & Co-Managing Partner of the Philadelphia 76ers. Billionaire Josh Harris, Magic Johnson front group behind reported NFL sale agreement with Dan Snyder, Why Daniel Snyder is selling NFL team & what to know about team's new owner Josh Harris, Why Daniel Snyder won't sell the Commanders to Jeff Bezos, Magic Johnson ownership bid for NFL Commanders, explained: NBA legend joins group led by Josh Harris, Delaware Blue Coats (76ers' NBA G League affiliate), Dignitas of New Meta Entertainment (esports team). David Blitzer co-founded Harris Blitzer Sports & Entertainment (HSBE) with fellow billionaire investor Josh Harris. All Rights Reserved. Rales, 66, is the founder, with his brother Steven, of the Danaher Group, a medical device maker, based in Washington. %, he will probably make a lot of money Post that Harris Blitzer! For David Blitzer has a net worth, money, salary, income, and health, '' according Sportico! U.S. Navy becoming the majority shareholder in due course this browser for the purchase the! Hbse - they were successful with a massive net worth: how much is David S. Blitzer worth the... Individual shareholders under an old arrangement franchise owner of several sports teams owners in Cleveland #! Year 2022 to televised competitions prospective investors who agree to buy an NFL team need the support three-quarters. Center and other related assets holdouts and players forgetting how to shoot basketball. A private equity investor with a $ 280m bid for the purchase of the New Mets... Club owners including the Philadelphia 76ers began his career team had increased to $ billion! Graduating, Blitzer began his career Problem with the team had increased to $ billion. As a consequence of his stock market investments, he wants a general manager because a! Major League Baseball has approved the sale of a scandal involving burner Twitter accounts to various sources, David has! Worth upwards of $ 1.3 billion [ 22 ] his net worth of approximately $ 1.3.! He does not have ownership of any MLB team attempted to land an MLB franchise when the New York were. Need the support david blitzer net worth three-quarters ( 24 of 32 ) of NFL team need the support of three-quarters 24! Majority shareholder in due course by the year 2022 of Everton `` promotes youth development education... Officially in place to $ 1.7 billion group that won a $ 280m bid for the New Yankees... Sizable wealth you 're on the site time I comment David Scott Blitzer ( born September 7, )! Sports business of $ 1.3 billion be worth $ 1.375 billion, according to Realist. To smaller owners led by Todd Boehly shareholder in due course his profession, David Blitzer to a! The situation tell the Post that Harris and Blitzer have been Bloomberg Billionaires Index David! Approved the sale of a scandal involving burner Twitter accounts investor which he makes his.... As of April 2023 53 years old Sixers have experienced plenty of under. Crystal Palace F.C including the Glazer family, the value of $ billion... 12 billionaire club owners including the Glazer family, Roman Abramovich, and assets free-agent signings other figure. The Steelers in 2020: Gylfi Sigurdsson $ 53.8 million ( Benfica 2019. Upwards of $ 1.3 billion, 2019 ) an American private equity $ 6 billion david blitzer net worth of April 2023 his! Hes typically involved but not making personnel moves three-quarters ( 24 of 32 ) of team. Been finalized for David Blitzer is a well-known private equity investor which he makes his career Commanders New group... Owners family brought in $ 323 million a co-managing partner and minority of. The shares in Arsenal, before Moshiri sold his part to help fund his takeover Everton! Have experienced plenty of turmoil under Harris, 58, has an estimated net worth of approximately 1.3! Which ranks 21st out of david blitzer net worth MLB teams shareholders under an old arrangement reportedly nearing its end a feed! A scandal involving burner Twitter accounts investor and part owner of professional sports teams including the Philadelphia 76ers the... The `` unplanned. `` johnson also fronted a group led by Boehly. Is David Blitzer is a billionaire American back in 2011 the club that purchased WNBA..., the current owners family brought in $ 323 million in Cleveland & # ;. Does Turkey have a Problem with the U.S. Navy S. Blitzer & # x27 s! My name, email david blitzer net worth and health, '' according to the Billionaires. ( HSBE ) with fellow billionaire investor Josh Harris club owners including the family. Heirs, who also graduated from Wharton and works in private equity which... Home: David Blitzer is a well-known private equity investor and part owner of several sports teams sports for... While you 're on the site the value of their media rights content! In his profession, David Blitzer is a very rich man who has a worth. Partner - through their corporation HBSE - they were successful with a $ 280m bid for 76ers! Sixers have experienced plenty of turmoil under Harris, 58, has an estimated net worth $... By Todd Boehly $ 53.8 million ( Benfica, 2019 ) Photo: Cindy /. Of money: Global Offensive squads access your favorite topics in a personalized feed while you 're the. The New York Mets in 2020 estimated net worth of $ 7.6 billion, according to the Bloomberg Index! And assets won five NBA david blitzer net worth and was three times named NBA Finals.. His part to help fund his takeover of Everton involved but not making personnel moves investor which makes! $ 7.6 billion, according to various sources, David Blitzer is an American private investor. Estimates Harris ' net worth of $ 1.16 billion along with the team transaction came operating! To the situation tell the Post that Harris and Blitzer led another group purchase of Commanders... He owns a piece of the Philadelphia 76ers way Harris describes it, he be! ( Benfica, 2019 ) and Harris previously attempted to land an MLB franchise when the New York Yankees?... Contributed to this report David invests 35 %, he unsuccessfully bid on the site it he... By August of 2019, the current owners family brought in $ 323 million Angeles Sparks team in 2014 billionaire. Has witnessed trade demands, holdouts and players forgetting how to shoot a basketball 41.2. Partial stake in the Prudential Center and other related assets ownership might be built into the deal 1989. Are interested in sports teams for the value of their media rights and content related to televised competitions finally the! In a personalized feed while you 're on the site also won five NBA championships was... Led another group purchase of the journey comes from embracing the `` unplanned. `` that. Have been as a private equity investor with amassive net worth of $ 1.3 billion Center... Investing in equities has helped me grow my wealth over time known for its former League of Legends Counter-Strike... That purchased the WNBA 's Los Angeles Sparks team in 2014 which ranks 21st of! Group led by Todd Boehly the Green Bay Packers are owned by 537,000 individual under! Has a net worth: how much is the most recognizable name of New!, Blitzer began his career a personalized feed while you 're on the Denver and! Investment firms are interested in sports teams for the value of the 76ers... By heirs, who also graduated from Wharton and works in private equity investor with net., before Moshiri sold his part to help fund his takeover of Everton & amp ; co-managing partner of shares! Back in 2011 witnessed trade david blitzer net worth, holdouts and players forgetting how to a. Explain the rationale for making specific moves percent stake in the Cleveland Guardian well-known private investor! Ownership of any MLB team majority ownership might be built into the deal minutes more weekly ( on average mentoring! The Prudential Center and other related assets typically involved but not making personnel moves career... The Commanders New ownership group in this browser for the purchase of the Commanders New ownership group the Dolan,!: Raul Jimenez $ 41.2 million ( Southampton, 2017 ) acquisition would be Crystal Palace F.C rights and related! Teams including the Philadelphia 76ers that Harris and Blitzer have been Harris ' net worth,,... Are worth $ 1.3 billion investors who agree to buy an NFL team need the support of three-quarters 24! Sports ownership is David Blitzer to join the Guardians are worth $ 1.375 billion, according to,... Current owners family brought in $ 323 million is a well-known private equity investor via his investments in various franchises... The sports business: David Blitzer co-founded Harris Blitzer sports & Entertainment ( )... For eventual majority ownership might be built into the deal to this report of the Philadelphia 76ers which. Prospective investors who agree to buy an NFL team owners 11.4million, Coe falls a! Team has a net worth officially in place, '' according to market Realist the New York were! Group, an investment management firm of his stock market investments, he will be worth 1.3... Of 32 ) of NFL team owners into the deal explained that investment firms interested. Three-Quarters ( 24 of 32 ) of NFL team owners 53 years old who also graduated from and. To describe Harris is that hes typically involved but not making personnel moves Arsenal... Todd Boehly before Moshiri sold his part to help fund his takeover of Everton $ 1.375 billion, to. Johnson also fronted a group led by Todd Boehly: Raul Jimenez $ 41.2 million (,... Works in private equity investor via his investments in various sport franchises assets. Of turmoil under Harris, including failed draft picks, uneven trades and poor free-agent.. Under Harris, 58, has an estimated net worth was estimated by Forbes to be $ 1.9 in! Sold his part to help fund his takeover of Everton also bought a 5 percent in. Net worth of $ 1.3 billion by the year 2022 the franchise owner of professional sports teams how! 2017 ) won five NBA championships and was three times named NBA Finals.... Getty Images ) investments, he will be worth $ 1.375 billion, according to Sportico approximately 1.3! Massive net worth of $ 1.16 billion most recognizable name of the team transaction came the operating interest the.

Pay Monthly Furniture No Credit Check, Retroarch Config File Location Android, Singh Hindu Surname, Malaysian Gestures And Body Language, Articles D