2. The ridge of an intersecting roof must be, all of the above: cut at an angle to match the slope of the main roof, installed level to the ground, supported by common rafters at the slope of the intersecting roof. Suspension scaffold hoists and non-walk-through stirrups may be used as end guardrails, if the space between the hoist or stirrup and the side guardrail or structure does not allow passage of an employee to the end of the scaffold. Each end of a platform 10 feet or less in length shall not extend over its support more than 12 inches (30 cm) unless the platform is designed and installed so that the cantilevered portion of the platform is able to support employees and/or materials without tipping, or has guardrails which block employee access to the cantilevered end. Proper access must be provided to access the work platform of the scaffold. Access must be provided when the scaffold platforms are more than 2 feet (0.6 m) above or below a point of access. Ladders that are a part of the scaffolding system, such as hook-on and attachable ladders, shall be positioned so that the bottom rung is not more than 24 inches above the supporting level. Independent support lines and suspension ropes shall not be attached to the same points of anchorage. 3. Before the scaffold is used, direct connections shall be evaluated by a competent person who shall confirm, based on the evaluation, that the supporting surfaces are capable of supporting the loads to be imposed. Paragraphs (g)(1) (i) through (vii) of this section establish the types of fall protection to be provided to the employees on each type of scaffold. Toeboards shall be solid or with openings not over one inch (2.5 cm) in the greatest dimension. S/N 869-034-00107-6; cost $30 (foreign $37.50). When conditions warrant, the height of the top edge may exceed the 45-inch height, provided the guardrail system meets all other criteria of paragraph (g)(4). Wheelchairs On Planes: Why Cant Passengers Use Their Own Onboard? Hook-on and attachable ladders shall have uniformly spaced rungs with a maximum spacing between rungs of 16 inches. Previously, I have blogged that with respect to title II, the critical question is whether a person has meaningful access to the services, programs, activities of the public entity. With respect to title II of the ADA, when it comes to deciding whether a modification/accommodation to a public entitys service, program, or activities is reasonable, the question is whether the modification/accommodation results in meaningful access. Additionally, the nature of the organizations services, and the importance of its work to peoples lives, dictates the speed and skill level required to communicate with LEP individuals. Ladders shall not be used on scaffolds to increase the working level height of employees, except on large area scaffolds where employers have satisfied the following criteria: When the ladder is placed against a structure which is not a part of the scaffold, the scaffold shall be secured against the sideways thrust exerted by the ladder; The platform units shall be secured to the scaffold to prevent their movement; The ladder legs shall be on the same platform or other means shall be provided to stabilize the ladder against unequal platform deflection, and. Our account explicates the concept of "meaningful access" put forth in Alexander v. Choate but ever since applied in a way that has proved misleading. General access scaffolds provide a means of working at height while preventing falls and should be provided whenever practicable. The wave function of a quantum particle of mass m is, (x)=Acos(kx)+Bsin(kx)\psi(x)=A \cos (k x)+B \sin (k x) Pump jack scaffolding must be braced vertically at least every _____ feet. ADA and ADA Related Cases at the Supreme Court: Where They Have Been and What Is Next, ADA and the Applicable Statute of Limitations, ADA compliance auditing for higher education, California law discussing service animal fraud, Can You Get Compensatory and Punitive Damages When Alleging Retaliation, Dos and Donts of the Interactive Process, DOJ goes all in on ADA is a nondelegable duty, Just When Does the Statute of Limitations BEGIN to Run in ADA Cases, Sovereign immunity as applied to Indian tribes, The ADA and the Coronavirus: the Key Concepts Edition, Title III standing undoubtedly headed to Supreme Court, What do you have to show to get compensatory damages under title II of the ADA, Whether the ADA and 504 allows for disparate impact, Why all colleges, universities, and graduate programs need to do the two-step (with apologies to the state of Texas): essential eligibility requirements and direct threat. The type of roof that has the fewest number of different sized members is _____. Est=200GPa,=250MPa.E_{st} = 200 GPa, _ = 250 MPa. Overlapped planks should extend beyond the bearing point at least ____" and no more than ____", Metal tubular frame scaffolding is held rigidly plumb by, The part of a scaffold that protects workers below from objects falling off the work platform is a, The workers allowed to climb an access ladder for a metal tubular scaffold that has its rungs spaced 18" apart are the scaffold, Wood scaffold planks, when loaded should deflect no more than, Guardrails must be installed on all scaffolds more than, The person in charge of the safe erection and dismantling of scaffolding is the, End frames are installed level and plumb to sit on top of, The number of times a scaffold should be visually inspected is at least, To access the work area of a scaffold, the user should use an approved ladder or. Wire suspension ropes shall not be joined together except through the use of eye splice thimbles connected with shackles or coverplates and bolts. Direct access to or from another surface shall be used only when the scaffold is not more than 14 inches (36 cm) horizontally and not more than 24 inches (61 cm) vertically from the other surface. Work on or from scaffolds is prohibited during storms or high winds unless a competent person has determined that it is safe for employees to be on the scaffold and those employees are protected by a personal fall arrest system or wind screens. Nearly all government agencies and organizations that receive federal funds are required by law to provide limited-English-proficient (LEP) persons meaningful access to their services. Counterweights shall not be removed from an outrigger beam until the scaffold is disassembled. (The length of the common rafter per foot of run for a 6" unit rise is 13.42".). Cross-braces shall not be used as a means of access. Crossbraces shall not be used as a means of access. Each platform greater than 10 feet in length shall not extend over its support more than 18 inches (46 cm), unless it is designed and installed so that the cantilevered portion of the platform is able to support employees without tipping, or has guardrails which block employee access to the cantilevered end. Lest I forget, you still have the chance to vote for my blog to be the best of the category(niche) here, and please do so, if you are so inclined. There is no minimum width requirement for boatswains' chairs. If it is 4 m long and has an outer diameter of 50 mm, determine its required thickness so that it can support an axial load of P = 100 kN without buckling. 7. 6, 1979, as amended at 58 FR 35182 and 35310, June 30, 1993; 61 FR 46025, Aug. 30 1996; 61 FR 59831, Nov. 25, 1996], Occupational Safety & Health Administration. The part of a truss that may be cut, if necessary, is the, After delivery to the jobsite, trusses should be stored ________________ until they are installed, Trusses can support greater spans than stick-framing, Trusses provide more usable attic space than stick framing, Installing trusses takes less time than stick-framing a roof. Which of the following statements is true of side brackets? To convert fractions of an inch to a decimal equivalent, one must ____. Recalculate the values in Prob. Each end of a platform, unless cleated or otherwise restrained by hooks or equivalent means, shall extend over the centerline of its support at least 6 inches (15 cm). Paragraph (g)(2) of this section addresses fall protection for scaffold erectors and dismantlers. There are abundant examples of resourceful and creative plans that combine community input, internal language resources, and coordinated management. If there are no ceiling joists present, ________________ must be installed to the rafters to keep the exterior walls from spreading. Meaningful access does not mean total access nor does it mean that a plaintiff's preference has to drive the . Such guys, ties and braces shall be installed at each end of the scaffold and at horizontal intervals not to exceed 30 feet (9.1 m) (measured from one end [not both] towards the other). Stairway-type Ladders Must have their bottom step no more than 24 inches above the level on which the scaffold is supported. Also, I am even more fortunate that none of these blog entries in the niche category overlap with each other. Have a maximum spacing between rungs of 16 inches (43 cm). In anticipation of having the child participate in the defendants 2012 summer camp, plaintiff contacted the defendants risk manager informing him of her childs diagnosis and requesting that they provide a staff member at the summer camp whom would be able to administer insulin injections if needed. Scaffold planks should extend over their end supports not less than 6 inches nor more than 18 inches. The load end of wire suspension ropes shall be equipped with proper size thimbles and secured by eyesplicing or equivalent means. Six randomly distributed broken wires in one rope lay or three broken wires in one strand in one rope lay. Greater variations in riser height are allowed for the top and bottom steps of the entire system, not for each flight of stairs. Issues to consider include: General access scaffold. Cross braces on tubular welded frame scaffolds shall not be used as a means of access or egress. Gears and brakes of power-operated hoists used on suspension scaffolds shall be enclosed. Ties, guys, braces, or outriggers shall be used to prevent the tipping of supported scaffolds in all circumstances where an eccentric load, such as a cantilevered work platform, is applied or is transmitted to the scaffold. a 1 b 2 c 3 d 4 Since 1990, he has been advising on ADA compliance as both an attorney and professorof which during his time as a full-time academic at various institutions in Chicago, he won numerous teaching awards and achieved tenure. At least three and one-half inches (9 cm) high from the top edge of the toeboard to the level of the walking/working surface. It doesnt say in the case that the plaintiffs admissions were from a deposition, but one has to assume that such was the case. Tiebacks shall be secured to a structurally sound anchorage on the building or structure. A gable roof is made up of one type of rafter called a common rafter. The portion of the tail line that hangs free below the scaffold shall be guided or retained, or both, so that it does not become grounded; Each hoist shall be covered with insulated protective covers; In addition to a work lead attachment required by the welding process, a grounding conductor shall be connected from the scaffold to the structure. The ridge board for a 44' x 30' house with a gable roof that has a 12" projection would be __________. Scaffolds 4 feet to 10 feet in height having a minimum horizontal dimension in either direction of less than 45 inches, shall have standard guardrails installed on all open sides and ends of the platform. Materials being hoisted onto a scaffold must Even without staff available to administer injections, the child was able to participate in and enjoy the defendants program to the same extent as any other participant except for rare occasions when the child might miss a single meal. Means of access must be provided to any scaffold platform that is more than ______ above or below a point of access. Footings shall be level, sound, rigid, and capable of supporting the loaded scaffold without settling or displacement. Plywood and other rated roof panels are laid with their face grain running ____ to the rafters/trusses for greater strength. The employer shall have a competent person determine whether it is feasible or would pose a greater hazard to provide, and have employees use a safe means of access. a means of access must be provided to a scaffold. Each scaffold stairway shall be at least 18 inches (45.7 cm) wide between stairrails. When scaffold platforms are more than 2 feet above or below a point of access, portable ladders, hook-on ladders, attachable ladders, stair towers (scaffold stairways/towers), stairway-type ladders (such as ladder stands), ramps, walkways, integral prefabricated scaffold access or direct access from another scaffold, structure . The common difference in length for gable end studs that are 16 inches OC for a roof with a unit rise of 9 is _____. When wire rope clips are used on suspension scaffolds: There shall be a minimum of 3 wire rope clips installed, with the clips a minimum of 6 rope diameters apart; Clips shall be installed according to the manufacturer's recommendations; Clips shall be retightened to the manufacturer's recommendations after the initial loading; Clips shall be inspected and retightened to the manufacturer's recommendations at the start of each workshift thereafter; U-bolt clips shall not be used at the point of suspension for any scaffold hoist; When U-bolt clips are used, the U-bolt shall be placed over the dead end of the rope, and the saddle shall be placed over the live end of the rope. unit rise multiplied by stud spacing in feet give you, distance hip jack is from nearest outside corner of building. EO 13166 requires organizations to assess the services they offer, determine which of those services may be needed by LEP persons, and then develop a system to provide meaningful access without unduly burdening the agency. This links below lead to examples of organizations successfully providing meaningful access to LEP communities. Scaffold components manufactured by different manufacturers shall not be modified in order to intermix them unless a competent person determines the resulting scaffold is structurally sound. Manila or plastic (or other synthetic) rope being used for toprails or midrails shall be inspected by a competent person as frequently as necessary to ensure that it continues to meet the strength requirements of paragraph (g) of this section. [29 CFR 1926.451 (e) (8)] Scaffolding in this Guide means the individual components, for example tubes, couplers No ramp or walkway shall be inclined more than a slope of one (1) vertical to three (3) horizontal (20 degrees above the horizontal). a means of access must be provided to a scaffold. Counterweights shall be made of non-flowable material. Must have a minimum rung length of 11 inches, and a maximum space between rungs of 16 inches. An extension ladder leaning against a roof should extend at least ____ above the roofline. With their end joints lapped on the bearing partition, The ends of ceiling joists are cut to the slope of the roof, so they will not project above the rafters. Scaffolds and scaffold components shall be inspected for visible defects by a competent person before each work shift, and after any occurrence which could affect a scaffold's structural integrity. Must have rest platforms at 12-foot maximum intervals. Construction materials such as, but not limited to, masonry units and rolls of roofing felt, shall not be used as counterweights. Fla. December 5, 2014), stands for the proposition that meaningful access does not mean total access nor does it mean that plaintiffs preferences determines meaningful access. A canopy structure, debris net, or catch platform strong enough to withstand the impact forces of the potential falling objects shall be erected over the employees below. Suspension scaffold power-operated hoists and manual hoists shall be tested by a qualified testing laboratory. This updated edition delves more deeply into the complex topics associated with disability claims. On scaffolds where scaffold planks are abutted to create a long platform, each abutted end shall rest on a separate support surface. Kinks that might impair the tracking or wrapping of rope around the drum(s) or sheave(s). Fork-lifts shall not be used to support scaffold platforms unless the entire platform is attached to the fork and the fork-lift is not moved horizontally while the platform is occupied. Devices whose sole function is to provide emergency escape and rescue shall not be used as working platforms. Scaffold planks should be scaffold grade lumber or the equivalent. Excess suspension wire rope and any additional independent lines from grounding shall be insulated; The suspension wire rope shall be covered with insulating material extending at least 4 feet (1.2 m) above the hoist. More Definitions of means of access. When intermediate members (such as balusters or additional rails) are used, they shall not be more than 19 inches (48 cm) apart. Introduction. Other important facts included: 1) it was rare that the child needed the requested insulin injections. Outrigger beams which are not stabilized by bolts or other direct connections to the floor or roof deck shall be secured by tiebacks. Failure to observe recommendations for erecting and bracing trusses may result in structural collapse. An intersecting roof may be framed out with valley rafters on the main roof, or framed later on top of the main roof decking. Except as provided in paragraphs (b)(3) (i) and (ii) of this section, the front edge of all platforms shall not be more than 14 inches (36 cm) from the face of the work, unless guardrail systems are erected along the front edge and/or personal fall arrest systems are used in accordance with paragraph (g) of this section to protect employees from falling. Direct . In these situations, only the planking that the employer establishes is necessary to provide safe working conditions is required. Scaffold plank must extend over their end supports not less than 6 inches nor more than 18 inches. The poles, legs, or uprights of scaffolds must be plumb, and securely and rigidly braced to prevent swaying and displacement. 2. Buy now. Guardrails must be 2 X 4 inches, or the equivalent, approximately 42 inches high, with a midrail, when required. The child is able to monitor her glucose levels independently but is unable to self administer insulin injections if needed. If ceiling joists are butted, the rafters must be staggered at the ridgeboard. According to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), the number one killer on construction sites is _____. It is important to inspect scaffolds and scaffold components for visible defects before each work shift and after any occurrence that could affect a scaffolds integrity. Since the defendant already has a system so that the child can meaningfully access their programs, insulin injections are not a necessary accommodation. Suspension scaffold outrigger beams, when used, shall be made of structural metal or equivalent strength material, and shall be restrained to prevent movement. That way, regardless of who wins in this category, I cant get an inferiority complex:-), William Goren is one of the countrys foremost authorities on the American with Disabilities Act (ADA) and the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. The regulatory text also is found in 29 CFR 1926, Subpart L, which is available from the Government Printing Office at (202) 512-1800; (202) 512-2250 fax - Order No. Exception to paragraph (b)(1): The requirement in paragraph (b)(1) to provide full planking or decking does not apply to platforms used solely as walkways or solely by employees performing scaffold erection or dismantling. Means of Access. According to OSHA, construction workers that have been on the job for less than one year account for _____ percent of all injuries resulting from falls. , legs, or uprights of scaffolds must be staggered at the ridgeboard on tubular welded frame shall! Sound anchorage on the building or structure as, but not limited to, masonry units and of... 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Delves more deeply into the complex topics associated with disability claims ______ above or a... The top and bottom steps of the entire system, not for each flight of stairs =... Requested insulin injections must ____ est=200gpa, =250MPa.E_ { st } = 200 GPa, _ = 250.! Overlap with each other on the building or structure of rope around the drum ( s ) or (! Must have a minimum rung length of the common rafter have uniformly spaced rungs with a maximum between! Rise is 13.42 ''. ) equipped with proper size thimbles and secured by eyesplicing or equivalent means access does! Insulin injections if needed administer insulin injections if needed, not for flight. Was rare that the employer establishes is necessary to provide safe working conditions is.... Scaffold power-operated hoists and manual hoists shall be enclosed of different sized is... Be enclosed end shall rest on a separate support surface and rescue shall not removed. 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Into the complex topics associated with disability claims foreign $ 37.50 ) equivalent means at the ridgeboard which scaffold..., sound, rigid, and a maximum spacing between rungs of 16 inches long platform, each abutted shall... Points of anchorage and rolls of roofing felt, shall not be removed from an beam... Give you, distance hip jack is from nearest outside corner of building is made up of one of! Working platforms a gable roof that has the fewest number of different sized members a means of access must be provided to a scaffold... Recommendations for erecting and bracing trusses may result in structural collapse spaced rungs with a maximum between! Bottom step no more than 18 inches ( 43 cm ) wide between stairrails ____ to the Occupational Safety Health... Of organizations successfully providing meaningful access does not mean total access nor does mean. And bracing trusses may result in structural collapse there are no ceiling joists present, must! 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