The military has kept U Wunna Maung Lwin, 68, in his post as foreign minister. It began as an adored liberating force founded to end colonial rule. What you need to know about the Rohingya crisis The main religion is Buddhism. Armed forces personnel are active duty military personnel, including paramilitary forces if the training, organization, equipment, and control suggest they may be used to support or replace regular military forces. [22], Special insignia of general/flag officers. Life in a war-torn Myanmar. Entries below are selected based on geographic proximity to host nation, typically a shared border. The finalized Global Firepower ranking below utilizes over 60 individual factors to determine a given nation's PowerIndex ('PwrIndx') score with categories ranging from quantity of military units and financial standing to logistical capabilities and geography. However, in early 2002, two more BSO were added to the General Staff Office; therefore there were altogether four BSOs. Min Aung Hlaing rose steadily through the ranks of the Tatmadaw, Myanmar's powerful military . 1 Armour Battalion with headquarters in Mingalardon. Mine Warfare and Mine / Countermine assets are a generally overlooked portion of any surface fleet but prove just as critical as other designs particularly in times of war where their capabilities allow for denial of strategic waterways or participation in 'siege tactics' against harbors and ports. Each consists of 4 Infantry battalions (Chay Hlyin Tatyin), HQ and organic support units. BSO-2 was to oversee operations under the Southeastern Command, Southwestern Command, Western Command and Central Command. At the time of Myanmar's independence in 1948, the Tatmadaw was weak, small and disunited. He is a former chief minister of Yangon, Myanmars biggest city, and for years headed its regional military command. . Originally, the bureau was for "special operations", wherever they were, that needed co-ordination among various Regional Military Commands (RMC). With Aung Sang Suu Kyi as the de facto head of state, Min Aung Hlaing appeared to become more publicly involved in politics. Take our quiz, We'll find you and we won't let you live a teams fight to exist, When a biryani flies hundreds of miles to reach Indians, The two generals fighting over Sudan's future, 'I thought we'd die' - Sudan patients cry for help, Why Gen Z workers are starting on the back foot. The military successfully clamped down on the protests, however, it failed to silence the growing calls for democracy and lost nearly all public support. For example, 314th Field Artillery Battery is now attached to 44th LID. 11th LID was formed in December 1988 with headquarters at Inndine, Bago Division and 101st LID was formed in 1991 with its headquarters at Pakokku. Tatmadaw planned to establish an AROC each in 7 Regional Military Commands. Myanmar's military, which had shared power with a civilian government for a decade, seized control in a coup on Feb. 1, 2021, and has waged a brutal crackdown on opponents ever since. [12] Even the Thai people, not known to praise the Burmese lightly, have described the Myanmar Army as "skilled in the art of jungle warfare".[13]. Later on Monday, military-owned Myawaddy TV announced that the armed forces had taken control of the countrys political institutions and that First Vice President U Myint Swe, now serving as interim president, had transferred full authority executive, legislative, and judiciary to Commander-in-Chief Min Aung Hlaing for one year. He has been a prominent figure in the armed forces for almost a decade. These unofficial ranks are in used throughout the daily life of all branches of Myanmar Armed Forces. As such, GFP focuses on a select group of financially-related categories showcased below. and Officer Training Schools (OTS) are directly appointed as gazetted officers with the rank of Second lieutenant.[6]. The protests were met with a brutal military crackdown, in which as many as 5,000 people were killed. In modern navies, Aircraft Carriers represent the flagship of the fleet, making them vital assets. Currently there are six Bureaus of Special Operations in the Myanmar order of battle. Those units are distributed to ROCs in central & upper regions to use in counterinsurgency operations.[17]. The Myanmar Army had reached some 370,000 active troops of all ranks in 2000. Indeed, the generals in Naypyidaw are likely assuming that Beijing will continue to support Myanmar regardless of who is in power and that they can count on Chinese economic and diplomatic support going forward. They were commanded respectively by Brigadier Soe Tint and Brigadier Maung Kyi. In a statement following the meeting, Chinas Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated that: China will continue to back Myanmar in safeguarding its sovereignty, national dignity and legitimate rights and interests. This could be read as a vague nod of approval for the military to pursue a coup. The generals cried foul after the NLDs election triumph, alleging voter fraud and demanding a recount. Japan is the sole non-nuclear power in the top five of the latest GFP ranking. Min Aung Hlaing was originally due to step down as commander-in-chief after reaching the retirement age of 65 in July this year, but has now given himself at least another year in power - and potentially longer - with Myanmar's apparent return to military rule. Medium artillery battalions consists of 3 medium artillery batteries of 18 field guns or howitzers (6 guns per one battery). Current Northern Command was formed in 1969 as a part of reorganisation and is formed northern part of previous NW Command, Original Southern Command in Mandalay was renamed Central Command in March 1990, Thein Sein later became Prime Minister and elected as president in 2011, 10th Military Operations Command (MOC-10), 11th Military Operations Command (MOC-11), 12th Military Operations Command (MOC-12), 13th Military Operations Command (MOC-13), 14th Military Operations Command (MOC-14), 15th Military Operations Command (MOC-15), 16th Military Operations Command (MOC-16), 17th Military Operations Command (MOC-17), 18th Military Operations Command (MOC-18), 19th Military Operations Command (MOC-19), 20th Military Operations Command (MOC-20), 21st Military Operations Command (MOC-21), Involved in crackdown of unarmed protestors during 8.8.88 democracy uprising, Involved in crackdown against the Rohingya in northern Rakhine state. Military Operations Commands (MOC) (), commanded by a brigadier-general are similar to Infantry Divisions in Western Armies. Three more LIDs were raised in the latter half of the 1970s (the 66th, 55th and 44th) with their headquarters at Pyay, Aungban and Thaton. This is composed of a headquarters unit; five rifle companies Tat Khwe (()) with three rifle platoons Tat Su (()) each; an administrative company with medical, transport, logistics, and signals units; a heavy weapons company including mortar, machine gun, and recoilless gun platoons. This provides the final ranking while also allowing smaller, more technologically-advanced, nations to compete with larger . In 2007, there are two 1,000-bed Defence Services General Hospitals (Mingalardon and Naypyitaw), two 700-bed hospitals in Pyin Oo Lwin and Aung Ban, two 500-bed military hospitals in Meikhtila and Yangon, one 500-bed Defence Services Orthopedic Hospital in Mingalardon, two 300-bed Defence Services Obstetric, Gynecological and Children hospitals (Mingalardon and Naypyitaw), three 300-bed Military Hospitals (Myitkyina, Ann and Kengtung), eighteen 100-bed Military Hospitals (Mongphyet, Baan, Indaing, Bahtoo, Myeik, Pyay, Loikaw, Namsam, Lashio, Kalay, Mongsat, Dawai, Kawthaung, Laukai, Thandaung, Magway, Sittwe, and Hommalin), fourteen field medical battalions, which are attached to various Regional Military Commands throughout the country. However, on the morning of 1 February, the Tatmadaw detained State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi, President Win Myint and other senior leaders, and declared a year-long state of emergency. . The move marked the end of Myanmars short-lived experience with democracy which began in 2011, when the Tatmadaw, which had been in power since 1962, implemented parliamentary elections and other reforms. In early 1978, the Chairman of BSPP, General Ne Win, visited the Northeastern Command Headquarters in Lashio to receive a briefing about Burmese Communist Party (BCP) insurgents and their military operations. Myanmar Army also uses the locally built TRA 906 Thura and Chinese XD-D6M radio sets. In this role, he oversaw operations in north-eastern Myanmar, which led to tens of thousands of ethnic minority refugees fleeing the eastern Shan province and the Kokang region, along the Chinese border. In 1988, the Burmese people, led by student activists, staged nationwide protests against economic mismanagement by the military and demanded democratic reforms. [citation needed], The army has always been by far the largest service in Myanmar and has always received the lion's share of the defence budget. [14], The first army division to be formed after the 1988 military coup was the 11th Light Infantry Division (LID) in December 1988 with Colonel Win Myint as commander. According to Human Rights Watch, Soe Htut was previously on the EU sanctions list for human rights abuses related to his role leading the militarys southern command. This report was compiled by BBC Monitoring, Military coup in Myanmar as Suu Kyi detained, Aung San Suu Kyi: Democracy icon who fell from grace, What you need to know about the Rohingya crisis, Russian court rejects detained US journalist appeal, No water, no light, as Sudan conflict rages on, Brother died saving birthday girl's life in US shooting, Realities dash hopes for Israel-Palestinian peace, Fighting hits Khartoum neighbourhoods - maps and images, How LinkedIn is changing and why some are not happy, Who didn't make the coronation guest list? These battalions are organised under three Tactical Operations Commands (TOC; Nee byu har). Natural Gas represented in 'cubic meters'. Since it overthrew Aung San Suu Kyi's democratically elected government in a coup one year ago, Myanmar's military - known as the Tatmadaw - has gone on to shock the world by killing hundreds. A further three artillery battalions were formed in the late 1952. Myanmars lowest measure is defence networks, for which it places 25th, higher only than Papua New Guinea. A report by Amnesty International in 2020 revealed that Myanmar Economic Holdings Limited (MEHL) had netted $18bn between 1990 and 2010 through military-controlled businesses, which invested the majority of revenue back into the militarys budget. The foreign minister, U Wunna Maung Lwin (far left) attends an Asean session in Kuala Lumpur in 2015. mass killings, gang-rapes and widespread arson, the military arrested the civilian leader. 515 Signal Battalion under Southeastern Command. All monetary values presented in United States Dollar (USD$). [17] Members of MOC does not wear distinguished arm insignias and instead uses their respective RMC's arm insignias. For example, the three-star general rank in Burmese is "" (bauila khayupa) for all three branches, but for the English translation, it is "Major General" for Army and Air Force, while it is "Vice Admiral" for the Navy. 313 Signal Battalion under Central Command, No.414 Signal Battalion under Southwestern Command, and No. The Myanmar Army maintains the second largest active force in Southeast Asia after the People's Army of Vietnam, with a troop strength of around 350,000 in 2006. BSTS and BSS were later renamed No. Light field artillery battalions consists of 3 field artillery batteries with 36 field guns or howitzers (12 guns per battery). Those claims were dismissed by the election commission ahead of a planned parliament session on 1 February to confirm the new government. Below are descriptions of each type considered: These are either conventional- or nuclear-powered forms showcasing an expansive flight deck with hangar elevators for access. GFP tracks specific categories related to aerial warfare capabilities of a given power. Until 1961, there were only two regional commands, they were supported by 13 infantry brigades and an infantry division. Myanmar is ranked 38 of 145 out of the countries considered for the annual Global Firepower review. Currently there are 5 Armoured Operations Commands under Directorate of Armoured Corps in the Tatmadaw order of battle. MOC are equivalent to Light Infantry Divisions (LID) in the Myanmar Army order of battle as both command 10 infantry battalions through three TOC's (Tactical Operations Commands). The US Treasury also froze his US-based assets and banned doing business with him and three other Myanmar military leaders. The military also targeted members of the 88 Generation a pro-democracy movement that suffered years of persecution after leading nationwide student protests in 1988 that were brutally crushed by the ruling military. In 1996, two new RMC were opened, Coastal Region RMC was opened in Myeik with Brigadier Sit Maung as commander and Triangle Region RMC in Kengtung with Brigadier Thein Sein as commander. Min Aung Hlaing rose steadily through the ranks of the Tatmadaw, Myanmar's powerful military, but as commander-in-chief for the past decade he also wielded significant political influence before the 1 February coup. In June 1963, the Naypyidaw Command was temporarily formed in Yangon with the deputy commander and some staff officers drawn from Central Command. All three branches of Myanmar Armed Forces Myanmar Army, Myanmar Navy and Myanmar Air Force use the same rank system and insignia, the same rank titles in Burmese. Troops ready for combat duty have at least doubled since 1988. Myanmar is a minor power in Asia. 'little teacher'). General Administration Department is a department of the Ministry of Home Affairs, one of the ministries under administration of Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services. The published content of the pages contained herein is unique to this website (unless where indicated) and not for reuse in any form. 2 Signal Battalion. BANGKOK (AP) Myanmar's military government on Monday granted amnesty to more than 3,000 prisoners to mark the traditional lunar New Year holiday, but it wasn't immediately clear if those released included the thousands of political detainees locked up for opposing army rule. Under Myanmars civilian government, it was one of three ministries controlled by the military, as per the countrys constitution, alongside the defence and border ministries. The Armed Forces has a unique general officer rank: Vice-senior general (Burmese: , romanized:Dautaiya bauila khayupa mahkar), a rank between the five-star rank of Senior general and the four-star rank of General/Admiral. Myanmar Military Power. Despite the change, he ensured the Tatmadaw continued to hold 25% of parliamentary seats and crucial security-related cabinet portfolios, while resisting the NLD's attempts to amend the constitution and limit military power. Some values are estimated when official numbers are not available. The defenders of the military in Myanmar overwhelmingly hail from the ethnic Bamar majority, who view themselves as the rightful heirs to Burmas past kingdoms. In Myanmar Armed Forces, the officer cadets graduated from Defense Services Academies (DSA, DSMA, DSTA, etc.) It could, however, aim to use these threats as leverage in any negotiations that occur with Myanmars military leaders. However, the White House threatened to take appropriate action, saying that the militarys reversal of [Myanmars democratic] progress will necessitate an immediate review of our sanction laws and authorities. The Biden administration is likely considering widening US sanctions against high-ranking members of the military, their immediate family, and military-owned business entities such as MEHL. In March 1990, a new regional military command was created in Monywa with Brigadier Kyaw Min as commander and named the North-Western Regional Military Command. [21], Armoured Operations Commands (AROC) are equivalent to Independent armoured divisions in western terms. All three branches of Myanmar Armed Forces Myanmar Army, Myanmar Navy and Myanmar Air Force use the same rank system and insignia, the same rank titles in Burmese. The most serious problem was the tension between ethnic Karen Officers, coming from the British Burma Army and Bamar officers, coming from the Patriotic Burmese Forces (PBF). This formation remained unchanged until 1988. The military tried to justify its coup by alleging widespread voter fraud in the November election and claiming that it has a constitutional mandate to take over in times of emergency. Threat of Myanmar coup was never far away, Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning, Why Myanmar protesters see Aung San Suu Kyi as their greatest hope video explainer. RMCs are similar to corps formations in Western armies. This led many to wonder whether Beijing was given advanced notice of the Tatmadaws plan to seize power. Part of the Military Factory network of sites that includes, 2023 www.GlobalFirepower.com All Rights Reserved Content 2006-2023 (17yrs), the World Directory of Modern Military Aircraft, the World Directory of Modern Military Warships. The USA is ranked first out of 138 countries holding a PwrIndx rating of 0.0606. The first ranking was released in 2006. Min Aung Hlaing, (born July 3, 1956, Tavoy (now Dawei), Burma (now Myanmar)), military officer of Myanmar who, as commander in chief of the Tatmadaw (Myanmar's armed forces), was handed power in February 2021 and from August 2021 served as prime minister of a military-led caretaker government. Cracks appeared along the lines of ethnic background, political affiliation, organisational origin and different services. General Aung San was assassinated in 1947, but his legacy lived on in the military, and the Tatmadaw continued to enjoy strong public support in the years to come as the institution that liberated the nation from colonial oppression. (Teza Hlaing / Frontier), Fleet Exercise-2020 conducted with involvement of attack submarine Minye Theinkhathu of Tatmadaw (Navy) to enhance defence prowess of State. In early 2000, Tatmadaw established the Myanmar Integrated Air Defence System (MIADS) () with help from Russia and China. About: GlobalFirepower.com is an annually-updated, statistics-based website tracking defense-related information of 145 nations and exists as a wholly-independent resource. France comes way above the previous entries to this list with a full score of 0.1681. The USDP made allegations of widespread electoral fraud. 1 Artillery Battalion was formed in 1952 with three artillery batteries under the Directorate of Artillery Corps. The fifth BSO was established in 2005 and the sixth in 2007. Hover over the pie slices in the chart below for more details. 3 Medium Field Artillery battalion equipped with 155mm, 130mm, 122mm howitzers and field guns, 1 Air Defence Artillery battalion with 37mm, 57mm, 14 Regional Military Commands (RMC) organised in 6 Bureau of Special Operations (BSO), 20 Military Operations Commands (MOC) including 1 Airborne Infantry Division, 5 Armoured Operation Commands (AOC) (Each with 6, 10 Artillery Operation Commands (AOC) (with of 113 Field Artillery Battalions), 40+ Military Affairs Security Companies (MAS Units replaces former Military Intelligence Units after the disbandment of the Directorate of Defence Service Intelligence (DDSI)), Samuel Blythe, 'Army conditions leave Myanmar under strength,', This page was last edited on 13 April 2023, at 14:55. Myanmar's powerful military has taken control of the country in a coup and declared a state of emergency, following the detention of Aung San Suu Kyi and other senior government leaders in. Commander of ROC is a position between LID/MOC commander and tactical Operation Command (TOC) commander, who commands three infantry battalions. As its uniform is not the military style, pin badges are used to show ranks. Reuters. It consisted HQ Burma Signals, Burma Signal Training Squadron (BSTS) and Burma Signals Squadron. No.1 Signal Training Battalion was renamed Burma Signal Training Depot (Baho-Setthweye-Tat). In 1981, it was described as 'probably the best army in Southeast Asia, apart from Vietnam's'. [8][17], These divisions were first introduced to the Myanmar Army in 1966 as rapid reaction mobile forces for strike operations. 2023 BBC. General Aung San, the architect of Myanmars independence and the father of detained State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi, founded the Burma National Army with help from Japan in the early 1940s. In 1943, Japan officially declared Burma an independent nation, but the new Burmese government did not possess de facto rule over the country. In 1961, signal battalions were reorganised as No. The most significant expansion after the infantry in the army was in armour and artillery. As a high-ranking civil servant in Myanmar, Ko Myo was living a comfortable life with his family. [citation needed], Armoured divisions, known as Armoured Operations Command (AROC), under the command of Directorate of Armour Corps, were also expanded in number from one to two, each with four Armoured Combat battalions equipped with Infantry fighting vehicles and armoured personnel carriers, three tank battalions equipped with main battle tanks and three Tank battalions equipped with light tanks. Most recently, the claims that the Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army (ARSA), an armed group fighting for Rohingya rights, is staging terrorist attacks with the help of foreign fighters in the western Rakhine State, increased popular support for the military. [citation needed], In accordance with the agreement reached at Kandy Conference in September 1945, the Tatmadaw was reorganised by incorporating the British Burma Army and the Patriotic Burmese Forces. Prior to the coup, he had been considered one of the favourites to replace Gen Min Aung Hlaing when he reached mandatory retirement age this year. Although the Myanmar Army's organisational structure was based upon the regimental system, the basic manoeuvre and fighting unit is the battalion, known as Tat Yinn (()) in Burmese. Myanmar Military Power 2023 Global Ranking. The Tatmadaw (Burmese: ; MLCTS: tapma.tau, IPA: [tamd], lit. Similarly, they can support rotorcraft and operate independently or as part of the main fighting fleet. The company is an alleged subsidiary of one of the military's two conglomerates, Myanmar Economic Holding (MEC) and Myanmar Economic Holding Limited (MEHL), according to a 2019 UN report. Two Regional Operations Commands (ROC) were formed in Myeik and Loikaw to improve command and control. While assisting the British Army in 1945, the Myanmar Army entered into its third phase, as the Patriotic Burmese Force (PBF), and the country became under British rule again. But after terminating Myanmars short-lived experience with democracy, the military will undoubtedly need a degree of international support to retain power and there are signs that China may be willing to assume the role of the Tatmadaws protector. Her government also relied on Chinese investment to complete major infrastructure projects in the country. However, the landslide win for Aung San Suu Kyis party swiftly crushed those ambitions. In the late 1930s, during the period of British rule, a few Myanmar organizations or parties formed an alliance named Burma's Htwet-Yet (Liberation) Group, one of them being Dobama Asiayone. It has pledged to hold new elections within a year and said it will respect the results of that election and transfer power to the winner. They were followed by another two LIDs in the period prior to the 1988 military coup (the 33rd LID with headquarters at Sagaing and the 22nd LID with headquarters at Hpa-An). 7. Defectors say at least 2,500 soldiers have deserted Myanmar's military to join the resistance since last year's coup. Myanmar Military Manpower. But the English translations of titles are different according to the branch. This surface is used for the launching and retrieval of fixed-wing aircraft (as a primary function) and rotorcraft (as a secondary function). Myanmar's coup: Why now - and what's next? [7][8] It has played the most prominent part in Myanmar's struggle against the 40 or more insurgent groups since 1948 and acquired a reputation as a tough and resourceful military force. Armed military soldiers in a car in downtown Yangon. The army also buys popular support by making lavish donations to the Buddhist sangha, or community, and funding the construction of monastic schools. Those departments that don't use the military-like uniform system, use the pin badges with rank insignia (example: This page was last edited on 14 April 2023, at 00:12. Operations in the Myanmar order of battle of financially-related categories showcased below units are distributed to in. And banned doing business with him and three other Myanmar military leaders rotorcraft and operate independently or part... And artillery 's coup: Why now - and what 's next in counterinsurgency Operations. [ 17.! Party swiftly crushed those ambitions per battery ) for combat duty have least. Was to oversee Operations under the Directorate of artillery Corps sole non-nuclear power in the top five of the plan! Proximity to host nation, typically a shared border Chinese investment to major. 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